Chlorpheniramine is for the temporary relief of allergy symptoms in dogs and cats. It is available as 4mg tablets (OTC) and 12mg long-acting capsules (Rx). The usual dose in dogs is 2-8mg by mouth every 8 to 12 hours. The usual dose in cats is 1-2mg by mouth every 8 to 12 hours.
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It may come as a shock to you to find out that your dog has suffered from a stroke. Unlike humans, when a dog has a stroke, he often won't come to be paralyzed or display any of the human signs of stroke. In fact, with the right care and attention, chances are he will bounce right back within a short period after suffering from a stroke, especially if he has a slight help.
How To Tell Your Dog Has Had A Stroke?
Often, there are a few signs that will tell you that your dog is suffering from a stroke. These regularly contain loss of sight, falling over, and tilting and turning of the head. If you notice your dog displaying these symptoms, you should take him to the vet to rule out other serious condition problems such as brain disease, which may be the basic cause of the symptoms.
Often, pet owners are not aware that their dog has suffered from a stroke. If your pet is industrialized in years, seems off color, or acting strangely, he may have suffered a stroke. The best way to find out for sure is to take him to the vet for an examination. Once there, the vet will put your dog under anesthesia, and run some tests to find out what is causing your dog to act strangely.
My Dog Has Had A Stroke, What Should I Do?
If your dog has had a stroke, it is leading to remember that dogs don't suffer as badly from strokes as humans do, and they will recover faster than humans. Once your dog has had a stroke, there is not a lot that your vet can do for him. In most cases, there is no magical cure, or special pill, all your vet will do is confirm that it was a stroke, and rule out the risky diseases that may be causing your dog to suffer from the strokes.
However, there are some things that you, the owner of your dog, can do to help with his recovery. Because you share a close owner-pet bond, your dog will recover faster if you are colse to to care for him, and cheer him on as he starts getting better. Make sure that he has a warm cozy place to rest, and fullness of encouragement, and love from you, to remind him of why he wants to get better.
You may also need to encourage your pet to eat, and drink soon after he has suffered from a stroke, and help him onto his feet, and encourage him to take bathroom breaks outside. Exercise, especially strenuous exercise, should be avoided. Once your dog is feeling well enough, he will soon tell you when he is ready to start going on walks again. After a matter of weeks, he will be starting to get back to his old self.
Don't forget that once your dog has recovered, he will still need fullness of love, and encouragement, and may not be as agile as he was before the stroke. Strokes can keep reoccurring in dogs, so keep a close eye on him.
How You Can Help Your Dog When It Has Had A StrokeHow to dry up sinus drainage is one of the questions about sinusitis, sinus infections and other sinus problems that I'm most often asked. This qoute is coarse and just about everybody is affected by them from time to time.
If you're affected by sinus problems you may often find you've experienced drainage down the back of your throat. Many habitancy think they need to dry up this drainage - that somehow this is not normal. However the truth is that this drainage goes on all the time. This is where the sinuses drain about a quart of fluid or mucous every day. This quart of mucous is critical to keep your sinus cavities functioning at their optimum level.
Now what you may consideration is a turn in the fluid - in that you have a funny taste in your mouth or you are experiencing a petite sore or annoyed throat. Often habitancy think they are getting a sore throat, cold or strep throat when in actuality it is the beginning stages of a sinus infection.
Often habitancy think they need to stop this drainage. Or they may be getting drainage out of their noses. This again is general drainage unless you are getting yellow mucous, plugs or drainage which is a classic sign of a sinus infection. Your nose may feel congested also.
It's commonly notion that you want to dry up your drainage - whether it's from your nose or in your throat. But you don't want to do this. You want to keep your sinuses moist. What happens is this - when the sinuses get blocked with dried up mucous and the drainage can't move straight through properly then a sinus infection can start from fungi (mold) or other organisms. You don't want to block these sinus cavities, of which there are four sets, placed in four dissimilar areas of your head. You want to keep them moist. That is one guess why you don't want to use antihistamines because they will dry up the sinuses and prevent them from healing.
You want to keep them moist. So think about how you can moisten your sinuses to help keep them open and working properly. There are many ways to do this and using medications or drugs will usually make it worse or dry them and cause other side effects that you don't want.
Look at alternative treatments for sinusitis, acute and chronic sinus infections and other problems rather than drying them up and you will heal faster. Many habitancy have overcome their chronic infections with natural treatment. You can do it too.
How to Dry Up Sinus Drainage! - Sinus Infections and Other Sinus Problems - Nurse's Secret!How to give a dog a vaccine: Zuko the Pomeranian Video Clips. Duration : 0.72 Mins.Melena is the estimate one cause of dog health problems bloody stool issues. Melena and hematochezia cause the dog to have bloody stool. Melena is blood that the dog digested, and looks dark in color. Hematochezia is carefully fresh blood in the stool and is carefully minor compared to melena. Many health reasons supervene in a bloody stool and most tests by a veterinarian will confirm the problem.
This health question causes a lack of vigor and sometimes incontinence, as accidents happen due to the inability to move outdoors quickly. By restricting food, the dog will finally stop the diarrhea and give the intestines time to heal. If the diarrhea results from infection or parasite, the question will persist until permissible medical is received. This health affects all sizes and breeds of dogs no matter what you do to prevent it.
Causes of Dog health Problems Bloody Stool Issues
Medications, infections, cancer and foreign objects digested by the dog. A metabolic disorder or hemorrhagic gastro enteritis may cause a dog to have a bloody stool. Some heavy metal or blood ingestion and gastrointetestinal ischemia are all causes of melena in dogs. Metabolic diseases cause ulcers of the stomach or intestines and can supervene from many distinct causes. If your dog health problems bloody stool issues arise with such signs as pale gums, frequent excretion and thirst, lack of appetite and weight loss are all signs of problems along with dark black stools.
If the dog continues to have diarrhea for more than twenty-four hours, medical treatment is required. The first thing you can try is a bland diet of rice and potato instead of their regular food. This may help, but in case it does not, you may need to have a veterinarian decide the cause.
Diagnosis and treatment of Dog Melena
When you observation black or dark colored stools, you need to experience the vet for further tests. These tests will include urinalysis, a biochemical work up, stool sample diagnosis, blood work up, ultrasound and chest/abdominal x-rays. After these tests are concluded, the vet will decide the exact cause of the dog health problems bloody stool issues and discuss treatment with you.
If the dog does not have a severe health condition, they may be treated at home instead of an overnight stay at an animal clinic. A extra diet of a bland diet that is specified by the vet and any medications prescribed by the veterinarian need to be dealt with at home in order to treat the dog health question bloody stool issues. In most cases, medications are needed to block stomach acids and coat the intestines. If you do not see any improvement, you need to experience the vet for further treatments. .
Get treatment for your dog if this question persists and stick to a accurate diet and medication agenda for permissible treatment of a sick dog. The dog will need fullness of rest and a calm environment in order to heal and come back to health.
Causes of Dog condition Problems Bloody Stool IssuesPharyngitis is the term doctors use to impart sore throat and it accounts for 10-15 percent of all pediatric office visits. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis (Gabhs), more commonly known as strep throat, is a former concern of a person with a sore throat. Gabhs is more coarse in children than adults. In both kids and adults viruses are the most coarse cause of sore throat.
The most prominent concern in the person with a sore throat is to rule out some serious conditions connected with sore throat, including, most commonly Gabhs. determined factors will help predict if the cause of the sore throat is Gabhs or a viral infection. The factors are not perfect and the use of a throat culture is needed in many cases in order to rule out strep throat.
Important factors to know about strep include:
• It most commonly affects children between 5-15 years old.
• It does not commonly sway children under three years old.
• It has an incubation period of 2-5 days. This means that if you have been in perceive with person who is infected and are infected your disease may not show up for 2-5 days.
• Respiratory secretions spread the infection.
Causes of sore throat
Viruses cause the majority of sore throats. Bacteria cause 5-15% of sore throats, but those between the ages of 5-15 have a higher incidence of bacterial causes of sore throat. In this group, 15-30 percent of sore throats may be caused by Gabhs.
Certain factors can help resolve if the sore throat is caused by a bacteria or a virus. Viruses that cause sore throat are more commonly accompanied by cough, stuffy nose, red eyes and fatigue.
Possible diagnoses
• Viral sore throat - there are over 200 viruses that cause the coarse cold and each presentation may be a dinky different. Many of these viruses are connected to sore throat. Below some definite viruses that cause sore throat will be discussed.
• Hand-foot and mouth disease. This is caused by a virus that is called the Cocsackie virus. It causes blisters on the hands and feet as well as in the mouth or throat.
• Infectious mononucleosis can also cause sore throat. This sore throat is typically severe and connected with pus (white patches) in the throat. This disease is connected with swollen lymph nodes - particularly the glands on the back of the neck. It sometimes comes with stomach pain due to an enlarged liver or spleen. Those who are treated with penicillin will usually form a rash (90% of the time). It is most coarse in those who are 10-25 years old and is accompanied by fatigue and a lingering sore throat.
• Hiv is a rare cause of sore throat. Individuals who have risk factors for Hiv (multiple sexual partners, men who have sex with men, intravenous drug users) who gift with a sore throat should have this pathology considered.
• Bacterial sore throat. The most coarse cause of bacterial sore throat is Gabhs. Other bacteria can sometimes cause sore throat.
• Fungal infections rarely cause sore throats. Candida infections are a coarse cause of fungal sore throat. The personel will have a sore throat with a white coat on the tongue and in the oral cavity that looks like bungalow cheese. The white coating will bleed if it is scraped off.
• Diphtheria is a rare cause of sore throat. It presents with a sore throat, fever, tender lymph nodes in the front on the neck and serosanguineous nasal discharge. It can be prevented by routine vaccinations.
• Kawasaki disease rarely occurs but affects children under five and presents with sore throat, tender lymph nodes, fever, eye discharge, red oral mucosa, strawberry tongue, cracked red lips, swelling of the hands and feet and red rash on the hands and feet, followed by peeling of the palms.
• Peritonsillar abscess is a serious cause of sore throat and presents with fever, feeling wiped out, a hot potato voice, strangeness swallowing, painful swallowing, ear pain and strangeness occasion the mouth.
• Miscellaneous causes of sore throat include: persistent cough, smoking, gastroesophageal reflux, postnasal drip secondary to runny nose, allergies, foreign body and thyroiditis (inflamed thyroid gland).
Complications
Most sore throats are caused by a virus and go away on their own. It is prominent that all condition care consumers are aware of when sore throats can be serious and when they are likely self-limiting.
Death is a risk of life, but it is rarely connected to sore throat. Throat abscess (pus filled infection in the throat) may lead to breathing problems as the swelling in the throat reduces the ability to breath. Diphtheria can lead to respiratory failure. Untreated Gabhs can sway the heart valves and has the potential to lead to heart failure.
These serious complications are rare. Rheumatic fever is one of the most coarse preventable complication of sore throat. It occurs after Gabhs goes untreated. The general people is not as greatly affected, as people commonly believe. In fact it takes treating 3000 to 4000 people with antibiotics with strep throat to preclude one case of rheumatic fever. The incidence of rheumatic fever is about one case per one million people. Medicine with antibiotics do not guarantee arresting of rheumatic fever.
Rheumatic fever occurs about 3 weeks after an untreated Gabhs infection. It is characterized by joint pain and swelling, erythema marginatum (pink rings on the trunk, arms and legs), heart murmur or subcutaneous nodules (painless, firm nodes over the bones or tendons often seen on the wrist, elbow or knees). If this is suspected an immediate assessment with a condition care provider is essential.
Peritonsillar abscess (pus behind the tonsils) can cause sore throat or can be a complication of Gabhs. It is not coarse but is characterized by worsening sore throat, ear pain, inability to open the mouth, fever, and a hot potato voice.
A rash that feels rough, like sandpaper, is red and fades when you push in on it is likely scarlet fever. This rash will last about a week and will corollary in peeling of the skin. This is a coarse manifestation of streptococcal infection
Streptococcal infections have the potential to attack the kidneys. It may gift 10-14 days after a strep throat. It is characterized by bloody urine and swelling (especially nearby the eyes). It is unclear if treating with antibiotics reduces the risk of kidney problems after strep throat.
Red Flags
• High fever
• Unable to cope secretions - drooling
• Difficult time occasion the mouth
• Hot potato voice (muffled voice, sounds like you have a mouthful of hot potatoes)
• Uvula (piece of tissue that hangs down in the back of the throat) deviating to one side
• One swollen tonsil
• Difficultly breathing
Diagnosing strep throat
Key features of the history and the physical exam will help the condition care provider resolve the likelihood of streptococcal infection. There are a few key features that are most predictive of strep throat.
Recent exposure to streptococcus and white patches in the throat or on the tonsils are the two most prominent factors in predicting strep throat. Tonsils that are free from swelling or pus and non-tender lymph nodes in the neck are the best criteria for ruling out strep throati.
Clinical prediction rules have been developed for helping the condition care provider resolve who has strep and who does not. None of these rules are perfect, and it usually requires the work of a throat culture to definitively resolve who has strep throat. None-the less, these key features can be beneficial in helping patients determining their risk for strep throat.
The prediction rule has been based off of five key criteria.
1. Fever above 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit
2. Swelling of the tonsils or pus on the tonsils
3. Sore throat in the absence of cough
4. Tender lymph nodes in the front of the neck
5. Age - One point is given if the age is between 3 and 14, and one point is taken away if over the age of 45.
Based on the whole of criteria that are gift one can take a guess as to how likely Gabhs is. The person is given a score of -1 to 5 and utilizing that point total one can predict the likelihood of strep throat.
For example, if we look at the case study presented in lesson 2: A 20 year-old female comes to her doctor with tonsillitis. "My nose has been stuffy for the last combine of days and I have been coughing. I woke up this morning and my throat hurt categorically badly. I looked in my throat and my tonsils were swollen and there were white dots on them.
It is also determined that she did not have a fever. When the doctor felt the front of her neck, he determined that her lymph nodes were swollen and tender.
This outpatient receives one point for swollen tonsils with pus and one point for swollen lymph nodes. She has a point total of 2. Therefore, her risk of strep is about 17%.
Table 1: Percent turn of having Gabhs based on whole of clinical criteria
-1 or 0 - 1%
1 - 10%
2 - 17%
3 - 35%
4 or 5 - 51%
As you can see from the chart, it is impossible to rule in or rule out strep throat just by doing an interview and physical examination. The Cdc recommends that antibiotics not be given unless Gabhs is found on strep culture. When there is a score of 4 or 5 many condition care providers will treat instead of doing a culture and some clinicians even pick to treat if there is a score of 3 or more.
One fact that is not well know is that strep throat will go away on its own. Well, that is not entirely true. The symptom of sore throat will remit, but the bacteria may still persist. It has the potential to go to the heart and cause rheumatic fever, it is therefore prominent to treat strep throat even though the sore throat will go away.
When sore throat persists beyond five days strep throat is not likely. It is more likely mononucleosis, a sinus infection, allergies or post-nasal drip.
Diagnostic Testing
Who is a candidate for diagnostic testing?
1. All children with a sore throat
2. Excellent adults with a sore throat. This includes adults with at least one feature suggestive of strep throat (swollen tonsils, pus on the tonsils, fever above 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat in the absence of a cough)
What type of testing should be done?
1. A rapid strep test is indicated for most patients with a sore throat with a back up throat culture
If the rapid test reads positive, it is quite reliable. If it reads negative it may not be that reliable. Because of the tests ability to miss the diagnosis, it is recommended that the condition care provider get a back up culture that is sent to the lab to confirm every negative rapid strep test. Some experts suggest you do not need a back up culture in the adult, but my perceive suggests that you should do a back up culture in the adult.
The rapid test should not be used in those who had a determined strep test in the last 30 days as there still may be strep antigen fragments hanging nearby that could give a false determined test.
Other testing for sore throat
When sore throat persists someone else pathology to consider is mononucleosis. This is most coarse in those 10-25 years-old. It can be testing by checking the blood for antibodies to the Epstein-bar virus. During the first week of the illness, the test may not pick up the disease but by the second week the test picks up the disease over 80% of the time.
Testing for Hiv and other sexually transmitted diseases may be warranted in the high-risk individuals. Individuals who have oral sex may need the throat tested for gonorrhea.
Some cases of sore throat guarantee a broad culture that looks for other causes of sore throat such as other bacteria.
Treatment
Most cases of sore throat are whether caused by a virus or Gabhs. If strep throat is gift Medicine with antibiotics is prominent and if it is not gift Medicine of the symptoms is all that is necessary. Medicine of strep throat will reduce rheumatic fever, abscess formation, transmission and heighten comfort. It is all the time prominent to stay alert for other complications of sore throat - even though they are rare.
There is a nine-day window that the clinician has to treat strep throat to preclude rheumatic fever after Gabhs. Medicine will also speed healing. After beginning Medicine you should be feeling much great in 24-48 hours. Ideally Medicine should be started within 48-72 hours.
Some clinicians pick to treat patients while they wait for the return of the culture. Realizing that resolution will be faster and it will contribute relieve to some patients.
This is not a wise strategy to implement for all patients. This requires some pro judgment of the treating condition care provider. Those who are suspected of having strep are great candidates for this recipe of treatment. The goal is to avoid inordinate exposure to antibiotics. When antibiotics are prescribed without a confirmed pathology the outpatient should be encouraged to stop antibiotics immediately if the culture comes back negative.
There is no resistance to penicillin in the United States, so it is the drug of choiceii. Ten days of pills or a shot is equally efficient in its management. people who will not take all of their medication should receive a shot.
Amoxicillin, which is a type of penicillin, is often used in place of penicillin in children, as the suspension of penicillin does not taste good. Amoxicillin suspension has a pleasant tasting bubble gum flavor.
Individuals who do not have angioedema (swelling deep in the skin near the eyes and lips) or hives as their allergic reaction to penicillin can be treated with first or second-generation cephalosporins. If they are, they need to be watched intimately as allergic reactions with penicillin sometime cross over to an allergic reaction to cephalosporins.
Erythromycin is recommended in patients with a severe penicillin allergy. Due to side effects - mainly gastrointestinal - azithromycin or clarithromycin is sometimes substituted.
Recurrent Gabhs can be treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin). It is not usually picked as a first line medication as it is a more costly and has a wider spectrum of activity. A wider spectrum of operation means that it is able to cover many other types of infections. The routine utilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics for simple infections has the potential to increase the risk of antibiotic resistance.
Penicillin should be used for 10 days in the Medicine of Gabhs to assure that all the bacteria are killed and no straggling bacteria remain.
The use of probiotics are one strategy that will significantly reduce the risk of Clostridium difficile and other complications of antibiotic use. When you are on antibiotic it is considerable to take probiotics to reduce the risk of this complications. all the time keep a contribute of probiotics on hand because you never know when you will need to go on antibiotics.
Treating the symptoms
Sore throat pain can be quite debilitating and managing that pain is a considerable part of treatment. Symptomatic Medicine often involves a mixture of systemic medications and local acting medications.
Systemic medications contain medications that are taken by mouth that can help relieve the pain of the sore throat and may also help other symptoms that accompany sore throats such as headache, fever and body aches. Systemic medications include: ibuprofen, acetaminophen, naproxen or acetaminophen/codeine (in severe cases). The use of medications to reduce pain and fever, in expanding to reducing symptoms, may help shorten the policy of disease by one to two days.
Topical medications are ready in many over the counter formulations and some can be made at home. A coarse home remedy is salt-water gargles, which can be made by adding one-fourth of a teaspoon of salt to 6-8 ounces of warm water. This concoction can be gargled and spit out every 3-4 hours. Sugar-free or quarterly Popsicles can help ease the hurt of a sore throat.
Multiple over the counter medications are ready for treating sore throat. They come in sprays and lozenges.
Certain foods can help the throat feel better. For example, warm or cool liquids soothe and moisturize the throat. Nasal saline can moisturize the nasal passages and clean mucus out of the nose. This will reduce the whole of post-nasal drip, which will help reduce throat discomfort. Herbal teas may be helpful in the Medicine of sore throat. Throat coat - a herbal tea - has a demulcent that is more efficient at providing relief than quarterly tea.
Certain prescription medications have the potential to aid a sore throat. Viscous lidocaine is a medications that comes as a thick liquid that the condition care provider can prescription that will numb the throat. It can also be mixed with other liquids such as liquid Benadryl and/or Maalox to ease the discomfort.
Steroids are used in some patients with sore throats. This is a prescription given by the doctor and can be given by mouth or as a shot. Steroids reduce the inflammation of a severely inflamed throat.
Home remedies for a sore throat:
• Salt water gargles as outlined above.
• A cool mist humidifier should be used. Many sore throats are caused by or exacerbated by dryness; the moisture that a cool mist humidifier provides can heighten symptoms.
• Suck on a sour drop. Lemon drops or someone else type of drop will stimulate saliva and reduce throat pain
• Drink tea with honey as this will coat the throat.
Follow up
Improvement in the sore throat caused by a bacteria or virus is typically noted in 2-3 days. When there is no revising or a worsening of symptoms noted a corollary up with your condition care provider should be attained to rule out a more serious (cellulitis or abscess) or someone else underlying condition (mononucleosis or chronic post-nasal drip).
Rarely, other bacteria can cause sore throat. This is much more coarse in the adult than the child. This may be determined when there is a non-response to antibiotics or a negative Gabhs culture and the outpatient is getting worse. The condition care provider will often take a more broad culture to look for other bacteria that may be causing the sore throat.
At times supplementary testing is indicated. This is not common, but may occur in the sore throat that is not explained by other causes. It is most often carried out by an ear, nose and throat specialist. A laryngoscope will be used to look for cancer, a foreign body, acid reflux or someone else cause of sore throat.
Recurrent Disease
When disease returns within one week of completing antibiotic therapy it is determined Medicine failure. The main causes of this are:
• Not taking the medication as directed
• Resistance to the antibiotic
• Repeat infections
For those who are notion to have a resistant strain, a different antibiotic may be determined such as a cephalosporin, macrolide or amoxicillin-clavulanate.
In cases where there is repeat infection, house members should be checked to see if they are carriers of strep. If they have a determined strep culture, they should be treated.
What is a carrier?
A surprising whole of people - 10 to 25 percent - are colonized with Gabhsviii. When one is colonized, it means that the strep is living in the throat with out causing the person to be sick. Generally, those who are colonized do not need to be treated, but sometimes they do. Medicine should ensue when there is:
• A personal or house history of rheumatic fever
• Recurrent transmission between close contacts
• considerable anxiety about Gabhs
• observation of extraction of the tonsils to eradicate the carrier state
Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy
Tonsils and adenoids are often removed, but the surgery may be done too often. The tonsils are there for a reason. The tonsils, while they often get infected, help fight infections in the throat and nose and keep the infection from spreading.
There are risks with this procedure. Bleeding is the most coarse complications and can occur up to eight days after surgery. Sore throat after the policy is common. The voice sometimes changes after the procedure. The most worrisome complication is death, but this only occurs in one of every 250,000 operations.
The tonsils and/or adenoids can be removed for multiple reasons including:
• Recurrent Gabhs: For two-year olds, more than 4 episodes a year; for three year-olds more than 3 episodes per year; and those over 3-years-old, greater than 6 episodes a year is an indication for the tonsils and adenoids to be removed.
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• A severe infection that does not sass to antibiotics
• Recurrent peritonsillar abscess
• potential cancer
• Persistent mouth breathers may be a candidate for extraction of the adenoids
• Persistent swallowing problems if they are caused by large tonsils or adenoids
What you need to know
If you are diagnosed with strep throat:
• Do not infect others. Do not come in close perceive with others for 24 hours after beginning antibiotics.
• detachable oral appliances (e.g. Retainers) should be cleaned completely.
• A new toothbrush should be used after 24 hours.
• unblemished the whole policy of antibiotics or resistance to that antibiotic may occur.
• Symptoms that do not heighten by 72 hours or get worse after 48 hours want a medical evaluation.
• Do not take any antibiotics that are lying nearby the house for a sore throat without visiting the condition care provider. Antibiotics will invalidate a throat culture.
Questions to Ask Your condition Care Provider
1. Is my sore throat connected to a virus or a bacterium?
2. Do I need a culture to resolve if there is a bacterial infection?
3. Which medications do you suggest to administrate my symptoms?
4. Do you suggest any home remedies?
5. Will an antibiotic help my infection?
6. Are there any potential interactions between the medications that you are recommending and the current medications that I am on or any other condition problems I may have?
7. When should I expect an revising in my condition?
8. What complications should I look out for and how will they show up?
Tamiflu is a treatment that is to be taken when you are infected by the influenza virus. Now that I have covered what Tamiflu is briefly I will go into the details and then give you a study on the effects of Tamiflu when you are pregnant and lactating because this too is an important part of pregnancy.
How Tamiflu treats the Flu
The main ingredient of the Tamiflu treatment is the Oseltamivir phosphate. This treatment belongs among a group of medications which is called the neuraminidase inhibitors. The treatment acts in this way; it attacks the influenza virus in the body and stops it from spreading inside the body. This is a great cure. You will feel the symptoms reducing within a span of two days. Most other medications for flu go for the symptoms and try to cure the symptoms or mask them. So you can simply say that Tamiflu treats the flu at the source of the infection.
Tamiflu Dosage
For knowing its effects on pregnancy one should know the dosage of the capsule. Each capsule of the medication contains seventy five grams of the active drug. The capsule is a grey and light yellow capsule. For persons afflicted by the flu, they re supposed to take two capsules orally; one capsule in the morning and one in the evening. For population who have been exposed to the influenza virus and they who are taking this treatment as a preventive part against the flu should take only one seventy five grams capsule in a day. In the earlier case the person is prescribed this treatment for a duration of five days and in the second case for a duration of seven days. So this is the approximate dosage of what a pregnant lady will have if she is faced with the consequences of taking Tamiflu.
Studies conducted on the medication for pregnancy
Now I will be discussing the studies conducted on the medication for pregnancy. The Fda has categorized this drug under the medical type "C". The data collected is insufficient to give a clear photograph on the effects of Tamiflu on pregnant women and her developing fetus. As there was no human specimens in the tests introductory tests were conducted on rats. Then in a later stage we switched over to rabbits. The pregnant rats were given Tamiflu in different proportions. They were administered dosages of fifty, two hundred and fifty and one thousand five hundred milligrams for per kilogram per day. The rabbits were given fifty, one hundred and fifty and five hundred milligrams for every kilogram per day. Both these animals were given the medication by the oral route. The relative exposure rates were accounted for. In a rat the exposure for these doses was two, thirteen and a hundred times. In the case of the rabbit it was four, eight and a fifty times. Pharmacokinetic study showed that fetal exposure was there in both the cases. In the case of the rats, the maternal toxicity was minimal that too in the one thousand five hundred milligram per kilogram per day group. The rabbit showed tiny maternal toxicities. Skeletal abnormalities were observed in the cases where the doses were increased. however the abnormality remained in the background.
The studies came to the closing as such, "Tamiflu should be prescribed to a pregnant woman only if the case justifies the possible advantage of the fetus."
A similar study was conducted on rats and rabbits for the effects of Tamiflu in lactating mothers. It was observed that Oseltamivir and Oseltamivir carboxylate are given out in the milk. A similar human study could not be conducted due to the lack of lactating mothers infected by the flu who are willing to conduce towards experimentation.
Anyway the closing drawn is also the same as that drawn for the pregnancy test. It was again cited "Tamiflu should be prescribed to a pregnant woman only if the case justifies the possible advantage of the foetus."
Tamiflu And gravidity - Can I Take Tamiflu during Pregnancy?If a dog gets stung by bees, wasps and hornets, or bites from mosquitoes or other insects, these can not only be irritating and itchy, but painful as well. Although most stings or bites are not carefully dangerous, you should keep an eye on it and if it doesn't seem to get better in a uncostly time frame, or starts getting worse, please consult your Veterinarian as soon as possible.
When Jericho got stung on his lip area, I started him on Benadryl for the swelling. I called my Veterinarian for the dosage. During the night the swelling doubled in size and I was for real starting to worried, but kept up on the Benadryl. By morning the swelling was down quite a bit; but because there was a hole in the middle of the swollen area about the size of a pin head, I took him to the Veterinarian and was given antibiotics in case the stinger was still deep inside to stop any infection that could set in.
Upon talking to my Veterinarian and doing additional research, I came upon other suggestions to help relax the dogs pain and irritation from insect bites or stings.
1. Benadryl - As mentioned above use Benadryl for swelling and itching from the bee strings, etc.
2. Baking Soda - I should have remembered this one, because when I got stung, I made a "paste" using baking soda and a exiguous water, and applied it on the swollen area. It helped soothe the pain and discomfort from the itching.
3. Ammonia - I was told that dabbing the ammonia on the affected area, using a tissue or cotton ball, would help relax the pain.
4. Milk of magnesia - Try applying a thin coat to the affected area some times a day. This medication contains magnesium hydroxide, which will ease the irritation and itch.
5. Meat tenderizer - meat tenderizer has enzymes that aid in breaking down the poison in insect stings. It also reduces the irritation. Just make a paste using a exiguous water and apply immediately to the sting, and keep re-applying as needed.
6. A leaf from the Aloe Vera plant - This is good for minor skin irritation. Just break off a leaf and apply a thin coat of its gel to the affected area. This soothes the discomfort and relieves the irritation
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7. Apply a cold compress- If your dog will hold still long enough, try applying a cold compress. This helps with the swelling and eases pain. Try holding it on the affected area as long as you can.
8. Hydrocortisone cream - Hydrocortisone cream is recommended for bites, stings, and hot spots. Hydrocortisone Cream with Aloe is even better because Aloe soothes the pain.
9. Find the culprit - If stung by a bee, try to find where the stinger went in and remove it with tweezers. Getting the stinger out will forestall any added venom to enter the wound.
If the swelling does not go down within a uncostly time frame, call your Veterinarian and set up an appointment right away.
Bee Stings in Dogs - 9 Things You Can Do For the PainSuper Kamagra Tube. Duration : 0.58 Mins.
